79-94-7/Tetrabromobisphenol A

Chemical Properties

Tetrabromobisphenol A is a white to pale cream or pale yellow crystalline with a moderately high molecular weight, low water solubility, and moderately high lipophilicity (as indicated by log Kow). Only about 4% of the particles are <15 μm in diameter, and thus, little (<4%) is expected to be respirable (<10 μm in diameter) and absorbed from the lung after inhalation exposure. Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is a brominated flame retardant used in a variety of reactive and additive applications. It is reacted (i.e., covalently bound) with epoxy, vinyl esters, and polycarbonate systems (e.g., high impact polystyrene (HIPS), and is used as an additive in acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) thermoplastic resins (Albemarle, 1999). Its primary application is in printed wire boards (PWBs) as a reactive flame retardant (BSEF, 2012).

Uses

tetrabromobisphenol A is widely used as a reactive flame retardant to produce a bromine-containing epoxy resin and polycarbonate, and as intermediates for the synthesis of other complex flame retardant, also as an additive flame retardant for ABS, HIPS, unsaturated polyester rigid polyurethane foams, adhesives and coatings.

Definition

ChEBI: Tetrabromobisphenol A is a bromobisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups and the phenyl rings are substituted by bromo groups at positions 2, 2', 6 and 6'. It is a brominated flame retardant. It is a brominated flame retardant and a bromobisphenol. It is functionally related to a bisphenol A.

Application

The main use of TBBPA is as a reactive flame retardant in epoxy resins for printed circuit boards in computers, telecommunications equipment, industrial controls and automotive electronics. Both hydroxyl groups on TBBPA can be reacted with epichlorohydrin under basic conditions to form the diglycidyl ether, which is widely used in epoxy resin formulations. TBBPA is also used in polycarbonate and ether polyester resins and is used as a chemical intermediate for the synthesis of tetra-bromobisphenol A allyl ether, -bis(2-hydroxyethyl ether), -carbonate oligomer, and -diglycidyl ether. TBBPA is also used as a flame retardant in plastics, paper, and textiles, and as a plasticizer in adhesives and coatings. Being covalently bound to the polymer limits exposure to unbound excess chemical used in the manufacturing process.

General Description

White powder. A monomer for flame-retardant epoxy, polyester and polycarboante resins.

Air & Water Reactions

Insoluble in water.

Reactivity Profile

Tetrabromobisphenol A is monomer.

Hazard

Moderately toxic by inhalation and skincontact. An eye irritant.

Fire Hazard

Tetrabromobisphenol A is nonflammable.

Flammability and Explosibility

Nonflammable

Toxicity evaluation

Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is a brominated flame retardant that has been associated with kidney toxicity in newborn rats. TBBPA is similar in structure to the thyroid hormone T4 and has been found to compete with T4 in binding to proteins in the blood which reduce overall blood serum levels of thyroid hormones.Tetrabromobisphenol A is classified as hazard statements (H) H400/H410, which means that it is toxic to aquatic biota, causing long-term changes in these organisms.TBBPA is included on Washington State's PBT (Persistent, Bioaccumulative and Toxic) Rule of chemicals.TBBPA is on the Proposition 65 list because it can cause cancer.A National Toxicology Program two-year bioassay study reported that there was clear cancer development in female rats that were exposed to TBBPA, and some evidence in male mice.